Earps has 41 caps since making her senior debut in 2017 and was a key player for the Lionesses in their run to the World Cup final, where they lost 1-0 to Spain.
"Wow, feel so humbled and grateful to be named England Women's Player of the Year! Bit emotional actually! Thank you to everyone that voted for me and thank you to my incredible team-mates," Earps said on Instagram.
England host Scotland on Friday before a trip to the Netherlands next Tuesday.