Gordon came on as a substitute in the latter stages of England's 2-0 win over Albania at Wembley Stadium on Friday but went down with what appeared to be a hip injury.
"Anthony Gordon has withdrawn from Three Lions camp having sustained an injury during Friday night's 2-0 win over Albania," England said in a statement.
"The forward has returned to Newcastle United for further assessment."
England play Latvia in their second World Cup qualifier, also at Wembley, on Monday.